Phänotyp und Futterqualitat einschliefilich Konservierungseigenschaften bei Grasern

Phenotype and forage value, including conservation properties, of grasses The phenotype of grasses can be influenced by the date of harvest as well as by breeding programs. In contrast to dicotyledons, the stems of grasses are younger than the leaves, although the grass leaves are usually considered to have a higher nutritional value than the stems. In a field experiment, Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. gaudini (Parl.) Schinz et Kell. was grown as a model-plant in order to study effects of ploidy-level, N-fertilization, stage of development, and growth time on the main aspects of nutritional value and conservation properties in relation to the phenotype. As regards the nutritional value, the interactions of ploidy × plant organ (=stem or leaf) and of ploidy × N-input were not significant. Hence, the results for leaf and stem can be generahzed. Until the emergence of the inflorescence, EC 49, the stem showed a significant higher net energy content than the leaf; at later stages of development this relationship changed. The evaluation of the net energy content of leaf and stem was significantly influenced by the method of estimation. In vitro methods with rumen liquor may show the best approximation to the real value. The crude protein/energy ratio of the stem as compared to the leaf better meets the nutritional requirements of ruminants; on the other hand the leaf was more valuable than the stem in relation to the nitrate content, especially when the whole plant showed an increased nitrate level. The general relationship between the mineral content and the phenotype was not evident. The investigation indicated significant differences between stem and leaf in relation to their conservation properties. The leaf showed more favourable drying properties than the stem but ensilability was better for the stem than for the leaf. As a result of this investigation it is assumed that, in the past, the nutritional value of young stem has been underestimated whereas the value of the leaf has been overemphasized. This may also be due to the criteria and determination methods of the nutritional value.     

Evaluation of an Electrolyte Analyser for Measurement of Concentrations of Ionized Calcium and Magnesium in Cats

The goal of this study was to evaluate the Nova CRT 8 electrolyte analyser for determination of concentrations of ionized calcium (Ca_i) and magnesium (Mg_i) in cats, todetermine the effects of sample handling and storage and to establish reference ranges. The precision and analytical accuracy of the Nova CRT 8 analyser were good. The concentrations of Ca_i and Mg_i were significantly lower in aerobically handled serum samples than in those handled anaerobically. The concentrations of Ca_i and Mg_i differed significantly among whole blood, plasma and serum. In anaerobically handled serum, the concentration of Ca_i was stable for 8 h at 22°C, for 5 days at 4°C and for 1 week at −20°C. The concentration of Mg_i was stable for 4 h at 22°C but for less than 24 h at 4°C and for less than 1 week at −20°C. In serum from 36 cats, the reference ranges were 1.20–1.35 mmol/L for Ca_i and 0.47–0.59 mmol/L for Mg_i. The Nova CRT 8 electrolyte analyser is suitable for determination of Ca_i and Mg_i concentrations in cats. Anaerobically handled serum samples are recommended and, stored at room temperature, they yield accurate results when analysed within 4 h.     

镁钾配施对寒地水稻产量的影响

[目的]研究镁钾配施对寒地水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量的影响,以确定适宜的镁钾配比量。[方法]以空育131为材料,按照随机区组设计,研究镁肥、钾肥对水稻产量的影响,并探明镁肥、钾肥最佳施用比例。[结果]在高中低施钾区,按照七水硫酸镁与氧化钾1∶1(钾肥165.0 kg/hm2,镁肥100.5 kg/hm2)或者1∶2(钾肥276.0 kg/hm2,镁肥100.5 kg/hm2)的重量比配施,能够在水稻关键生育时期合理增加水稻叶片氮含量;按照七水硫酸镁与氧化钾1∶2的重量比配施,能够保持群体叶面积指数趋于合理,不发生早衰和贪青现象;按照七水硫酸镁配施比例与氧化钾2∶1(钾肥165.0 kg/hm2,镁肥201.0 kg/hm2)的重量比配施,能够通过增加穗数和结实率提高产量,产量为9 660 kg/hm2。[结论]该研究对于保持土壤养分平衡,进一步增加水稻产量和改善稻米品质,促进水稻产业可持续发展具有深远意义。     

质子对植物蔗糖转运蛋白和己糖转运蛋白活性的调节

蔗糖是植物体内进行长距离运输的主要营养物质和信号分子。蔗糖转运蛋白和己糖转运蛋白是蔗糖从源到库的运输过程中的重要参与者。质子不仅通过形成质子动子势为蔗糖和己糖逆浓度梯度跨膜转运提供动力,还调节它们的活性,从而影响蔗糖的运输和分配。该文总结了质子对蔗糖转运蛋白的调节和质子对己糖转运蛋白活性及功能的调节,并加以展望。     

海泡石及钙镁磷肥对烟草主要农艺性状及吸收镉的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究海泡石和钙镁磷肥在400、800 g/m2处理水平下对烟田土壤有效态Cd含量、土壤pH值、烟草Cd含量及主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,海泡石和钙镁磷肥均能有效降低烟田土壤中有效态Cd含量,减少土壤Cd向烟草各组织的迁移转运,2种材料的效果差异不显著;施用海泡石和钙镁磷肥均能小幅度提高土壤pH值,但不能过量施用;400 g/m2钙镁磷肥处理能提高烟叶鲜重,800 g/m2钙镁磷肥和海泡石处理对烟叶鲜重、株高、有效叶数均无显著影响。     

Inflammatory cytokines up-regulate FAT/CD36 expression in renal cells loaded by fatty acids

AIM: To investigate the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the expression of fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36) in renal cells loaded by fatty acids. METHODS: Human mesangial cells (HMCs) and renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with palmitate at concentrations of 0 mmol/L, 0.02 mmol/L, 0.04 mmol/L, 0.08 mmol/L, 0.16 mmol/L and 0.32 mmol/L for 24 h. The expression of FAT/CD36 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively. The renal cells were treated with palmitate at concentration of 0.04 mmol/L combined with TNF-α (25 μg/L) or IL-6 (20 μg/L) for 24 h. The effect of inflammatory cytokines on the mRNA and protein levels of FAT/CD36 in the renal cells was also investigated. Oil red O staining was used to determine the intracellular lipid droplet formation. The intracellular triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured by enzymic assay and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Palmitate loading dose-dependently increased the expression of FAT/CD36 at mRNA and protein levels in both HMCs and HK-2 cells. The inflammatory cytokines further increased the expression of FAT/CD36 at mRNA and protein levels in both cells loaded by palmitate. Oil red O staining, TG detection and FFA assay showed that the inflammatory cytokines increased intracellular lipid levels in both HMCs and HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the expression of FAT/CD36 in renal cells loaded by fatty acids and exacerbate the intracellular lipid accumulation.     

Angiotensin-(1-7) increases expression of ABCA1 and decreases content of cholesterol in THP-1-derived foam cells via AC-cAMP pathway

AIM: To establish the THP-1-derived foam cell formation and to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) and MDL (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase) on the expression of ATP-binding cassete transporter A1(ABCA1) and the content of cholesterol. METHODS: THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) to develop into foam cells. The foam cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, MDL group, Ang-(1-7) group and MDL+Ang-(1-7) group. At 24 h after treatment, the content of cAMP was measured by ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The content of cholesterol was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The cAMP, the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in Ang-(1-7) group were significantly higher, and the content of cholesterol was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). On the contrary, the cAMP, the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in MDL group were significantly lower and the content of cholesterol was significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The results in MDL+Ang-(1-7) group were between Ang-(1-7) group and control group. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) inhibits the formation of foam cells by promoting the expression of ABCA1 and decreasing the content of cholesterol. MDL partly antagonizes the effect of Ang-(1-7) by inhibiting the adenylate cyclase and decreasing the content of cAMP.     

融安金柑黄化落果的原因调查研究

对融安金柑发生黄化落果的原因进行调查分析。结果表明,高温干旱、缺硼、缺镁是导致融安金柑黄化落果的主要原因。     

植物SWEET蛋白的结构与分类及功能研究进展

植物SWEET蛋白是一类重要的转运蛋白,研究其生理生化功能,有助于分子辅助育种,缩短育种年限。本文基于文献资料,梳理归纳了近年来国内外的植物SWEET蛋白的结构、分类、转运底物和功能方面的相关研究进展,阐述表明SWEET蛋白是植物中广泛存在的一类糖转运体,既能转运单糖又能转运蔗糖,属于Mt N3家族。不同植物间的SWEET蛋白具有一定的保守性,根据亲缘关系SWEET家族可以分为四类。植物SWEET蛋白是位于膜系统上,参与糖分的跨膜转运,在植物生长发育及逆境胁迫中均有不同程度的调控作用,如调控花蜜的分泌、花粉的营养、灌浆期种子的发育、果实发育、植物抗逆性和抗病性等。然而不同植物的SWEET蛋白转运底物和调控功能不同,目前仅在拟南芥等少数植物中研究较为深入。